Six soils ranging from the Tertiary Plateau down to the Solimões valley in Iranduba, near Manaus (AM) were studied. These selected soils were classified as Yellow Podzolic with Antropic A horizon ("Terra Preta de Índio) (P1), plinthic Red-Yellow Podzolic (P2), Yellow Latosol (P3), Eutric Low-Humic Gley (P4), Eutric Alluvial (P5) and Eutric Hydromorphic Soil (P6); the latter tree soils were taken from the Alluvial Plain. Surface and subsurface samples were submitted to chemical, physical and micropedological analysis. The three soils from Tertiary Plateau (P1-P2-P3) were generally dystrophic, with high levels of Al³⁺ and dominated by kaolinite in the clay fraction, similarly to those developed from Tertiary Plateau pre-weathered sediments elsewhere in Brasil. On the other hand, the antropic surficial A horizon of the Yellow Podzolic showed a distinct eutrophic character, with high base saturation and very high soluble P content. The high silt content of the Alluvial Plain soils (P4-P5-P6) and great variation of the texture with depth is due to the complex sedimentary history of this environment with weak weathering compared with the Tertiary Plateau upwards. The soils from the alluvium were typically high activity clays-dominated, and some horizon had high levels of exchangeable Al, associated with 2:1 expansive clays. This points to an increasing present weathering and destabilization of the smectite under present conditions. The presence of petro-plinthite in the transition segment of the Tertiary Plateau was attributed to lateral Fe-flux and its precipitation along the slope break down to the alluvial flatlands. The soils on Tertiary sediments showed higher levels of carbon organic, compared to those in the alluvium, due to the dystrophic and less favourable conditions to the mineralization. The higher values of Fe-oxalate/Fe-DCD, between 47 and 73 in the soils from the Alluvial Plain indicate the dominance of less crystalline form of the Fe-oxides and relative immaturity of the soils, compared with those upwards. The role of the geomorphic evolution and the soils position along the slope of this sequence is clearly demonstrated, illustrating the importance of pedogeomorphic units along the contact "Terra Firme" - "Várzea" across Central Amazonia as a key feature for the environmental comprehension.