There have been studied two weathering profiles developed from gneisses in the State of Rio de Janeiro, placed in areas of distinct geomorphology compartments. The " Caxias profile", developed from the weathering of gneiss migmatitic, has been collected in the district of Duque de Caxias, in an area with " round hills" from the " Guanabara lowland". The " Furnas profile ", developed from the weathering of biotite gneiss, placed in the district of Rio de Janeiro, at the Tijuca's massif in an accidented relief. The chemical and mineralogical studies allowed evidencing the importance of geomorphogenesis in the weathering and pedogenesis process. The " Caxias profile " presents caulinite associated to traces of goethite, haloisite and illite in the whole profile (alterite and latossol) and gibbsite only in the pedologic horizons, while in the rock horizons the prevalence is of feldspar, quartz, illite/mica associated to traces of caolinite. The " Furnas profile" is characterized for presenting caolinite and illite/mica in the whole profile, while in the rock levels, feldspars, quartz and illite/mica are the predominant minerals. The chemical analysis evidence a smaller leaching of the mobile elements (Na2O, K20, CaO, MgO) in the " Furnas profile" when compared to the strong exit of the mobile elements in the " Caxias profile". These date are in total agreement with the evolution of the two areas, characterized by the constant rejuvenation of the relief in the "Tijuca's massive" and a larger stability in the area of Duque de Caxias