Precambrian and Phanerozoic deposits in this Range are locally mineralized in diamond and gemmy quartz, representing the more important surviving mean of its population. The Middle Proterozoic (± 1.7 Ga) diamondiferous conglomerates and alluvial fan deposits are the oldest hillslope deposits of economic importance, and have been worked for over 250 years. The former with a medium minerable ore of 0.01-0.2 ct/m3 have been interpreted as costal deposits, whereas other authors prefer an origin through continental braided systems. The source rock is unknown. The alluvial fans with similar grades are of limited distribution and were formed by mean of steep slopes during a semiarid climate. Two uplifts of the Range generated other hillslope deposits. The first, during the Lower Cretaceous conducted to morphodynamic processes which formed braided river systems. These conglomerates contain locally diamonds from the reworked Precambrian deposits. The second, at the end of Tertiary, shaped the modern Range and resulted in fanglomerates, ocassionally minerable for diamonds. Throughout the last glaciation the average annual temperature in the Range was lower than today, leading to frost wedging and to mechanical disintegration of rocks and the more resistant quartz veins. During Early Holocene, about 10 ky BP, climatic changes resulted in a pluvial regime and consequently sheet erosion and the loss of silt and clay on gentle slopes. Colluvial layers have been formed, containing about 80% quartz fragments from the veins in a sandy matrix, locally diamondiferous. Gemmy quartz crystals survived climatic changes and are an easy target for small diggers. The economically more important deposits of the Range are subrecent alluvial gravels. Although of a very low medium minerable content in diamonds, flats have immense reserves. The Espinhaço Range is a typical site for developments of pluriphase hillslope deposits reflecting the economic importance of morphoclimatic processes.