This work is based on the study of soils as units of spatial analysis of the Administrative Region of Guaraiba, situated in West Zone-município Rio de Janeiro. The methodologic approach related to attributes and use/occupation served as assistance to diagnosis and reordainment of the region.
The close association of the soils with the geomorphologics, configurations has been proved, establishing the units environmental. Besides, the geomorphologic and pedologic attributes revealed strong influence in relation to human occupation and to definition and delimitation of the incompatibilities of spacial use.
During the ful.fil.ment of the study of these environmental conditions and the extension of the incompatible areas has been used software idrisi, revealing total the 21% of incompatibles areas, with 20 km2 (15%) of rural areas and 7,93km2 (5,8%) of incompatible urban areas in Guaratiba.
The areas of major incompatibilities are concentrated within the units of slopes and plains. The areas along slopes formed by granitic and gneissic rocks of the red yellow podzolic soils are vulnerables to landslides, where, as in the plains of fluvial-marin sediments, susceptible inundations, occur of gleys soils. The high index the incompatibles areas and the inadequate handling of the soils(rural and urban) they constitute the main degradation cause.
With base to the attributes of soils, it was possible to define and to delimit for the non occupates 4 classes for use: environmental preservation 25,8 km2, agricultural 5,6 km2, urbanized 11,0 km2 and 5,0 km2 for urban and agricultural use.
The methodological approach starting from the attributes of the soils, comes effetive in the diagnosis of environmental degradation, it serves as a referencial to planning and space reordainment.